public class Password {
    
    private final int nrUpperShould,
                      nrLowerShould,
                      nrSpecialShould,
                      nrNumbersShould,
                      lengthShould;
    private final char[] illegalChars;
    
    public Password(int nrUpperShould,
                    int nrLowerShould,
                    int nrSpecialShould,
                    int nrNumbersShould,
                    int lengthShould,
                    char[] illegalChars) {
        this.nrUpperShould = nrUpperShould;
        this.nrLowerShould = nrLowerShould;
        this.nrSpecialShould = nrSpecialShould;
        this.nrNumbersShould = nrNumbersShould;        
        this.lengthShould = lengthShould;
        this.illegalChars = illegalChars;
    }
    
    public void checkFormat(String pwd) throws IllegalCharExc,
                                               NotEnoughExc,
                                               NotLongEnoughExc{
        int countUpper = 0, countLower = 0, countSpecial = 0, countNumber = 0;
        
        if (pwd.length() < lengthShould)
            throw new NotLongEnoughExc(lengthShould, pwd.length());
        
        for (int i = 0; i < pwd.length(); i++) {
            char c = pwd.charAt(i);
            
            // zuerst ungültige Zeichen prüfen
            for (int j = 0; j < illegalChars.length; j++)
                if (c == illegalChars[j])
                    throw new IllegalCharExc(c);
            
            if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
                countLower++;
            else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
                countUpper++;
            else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
                countNumber++;
            else // optional hier noch eine Bedingung für Sonderzeichen?
                countSpecial++;
        }
        
        if (countUpper < nrUpperShould)
            throw new NotEnoughUpper(nrUpperShould, countUpper);
        if (countLower < nrLowerShould)
            throw new NotEnoughLower(nrLowerShould, countLower);
        if (countNumber < nrNumbersShould)
            throw new NotEnoughNumber(nrNumbersShould, countNumber);
        if (countSpecial < nrSpecialShould)
            throw new NotEnoughSpecial(nrSpecialShould, countSpecial);
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int reqUpper = 2,
            reqLower = 1,
            reqSpecial = 1,
            reqNumbers = 2,
            reqLength = 5;
        char[] forbidden = {'\n', ' '};
        String pass = "A_.B1'b\t,2";
        
        Password pw = new Password(reqUpper, reqLower, reqSpecial,
                                   reqNumbers, reqLength, forbidden);
        try {
            pw.checkFormat(pass);
            System.out.println("Erfolgreich!");
        } catch (IllegalCharExc | NotEnoughExc | NotLongEnoughExc e) {
            System.out.println("Fehler: " + e.toString());
        }
    }

}